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Policy Brief
CISES policy briefs examine issues of international security, defence, emerging technologies and economics through structured, referenced analysis. Published in medium- and long-form formats, they develop assessments and conclusions, with policy recommendations where appropriate.
Latest publications
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The Compatibility of Artificial Intelligence and Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems with International Humanitarian Law
Executive Summary Introduction The recent Pentagon decision to expand the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in US military operations has brought increased attention to the use of…
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When State Espionage Masquerades as Cybercrime
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In early 2026, Iranian state-sponsored cybergroup MuddyWater carried out a state espionage operation using ransomware as a facade, stealing credentials from employees of an unnamed…
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The Shift in Japan’s Arms Export
Executive Summary Japan’s recent defense export reform marks a major departure from its postwar antimilitary posture and signals a broader effort to strengthen the country’s defense-industrial base…
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Capital in Crossfire: Analysing the Investment Game of India and China in Iran
Executive Summary Iran’s strategic location and energy abundance have made it a target of investment for both India and China, though the two countries have approached this…
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How the 2026 Hungarian Elections are Affecting European Union Security
Executive Summary The 2026 Hungarian Parliamentary elections were particularly consequential for the country and the whole of the European Union (EU). This election decided whether Budapest would…
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How the War in Iran is Reshaping the War in Ukraine
Executive Summary The Iranian War has caused Ukraine to fade into the background of international news while also being institutionally overshadowed by the conflict. To adapt to…
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Franchising Jihad
Executive Summary Although the United States (US) and Western partners successfully dismantled IS’s territorial proto-state in 2019, contemporary counterterrorism (CT) frameworks remain disproportionately focused on kinetic disruption…
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The Erosion of Europe’s Monopoly on Cyberspace
Executive Summary Anthropic’s decision on 7 April 2026 to withhold Claude Mythos Preview from general commercial release, and to distribute it through the Project Glasswing consortium of…
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Modernizing Canada’s Terrorism Security Policy
Introduction Evolving threats reveal deep inefficiencies in Canada’s security policy. Traditionally reliant on strategic distance and US cooperation, Canada’s approach has stagnated, fostering complacency toward emerging threats…
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How China’s Undersea Mapping and Mining Fleet is Reshaping Maritime Security
Executive Summary Through the “Undersea Great Wall” and global mapping, China leverages a Civil-Military Fusion (CMF) strategy to transform underwater scientific research into tactical military assets. This…