Research & Analysis
Independent research on security, geopolitical competition, economic statecraft and emerging technologies. Explore our publications by subject, programme, region or contributor.
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The EU’s Increasingly Geopolitical Cybersecurity Framework
The EU’s proposed Cybersecurity Act 2 introduces geopolitical considerations into cybersecurity regulation, raising questions about member state sovereignty, ICT supply chain security and the costs facing…
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US-Iran Crisis: The Gulf Energy Sector Under Strain
The US-Iran security crisis has exposed critical vulnerabilities in Gulf energy infrastructure and export routes. Alessandra Lorenzo examines the disruption to oil and LNG production, the…
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Pakistan’s Deployment to Saudi Arabia: What Is at Stake?
Pakistan’s deployment to Saudi Arabia under the Mecca Pact raises questions over military authority, domestic security and Islamabad’s relations with Iran and China.
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Yemen’s Escalating Humanitarian Access Crisis
Yemen’s humanitarian access crisis is worsening as renewed fighting, funding cuts and aid worker detentions obstruct relief. What measures can restore aid delivery?
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Iraq-Turkey Oil Pipeline Deal: The Hormuz Factor
The Iraq-Turkey oil pipeline deal reveals how the Hormuz shutdown weakened Baghdad’s bargaining power and helped Ankara secure a stake in Kirkuk oil production.
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Botswana, Angola and the Fight Against Synthetic Diamonds
Botswana and Angola face growing competition from synthetic diamonds. Can provenance, branding and De Beers ownership preserve the value of natural diamonds?
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Expanding US-Colombia Joint Kinetic Operations Against Terror Networks
Executive Summary This assessment analyses the potential for joint US–Colombia aerial kinetic operations, referred to in a military context as aerial actions designed to cause physical…
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Growing and Getting Poorer: Revenue, Return and Realignment in Afghanistan’s Economy, Five Years On
Executive Summary Afghanistan’s economy grew 4.8% in FY2025 while real income per head fell 5.6%, a divergence explained by the 5.4 million Afghans returned from Iran…
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Joint Development and Cooperation in the High North: The 212CD Submarine Program
Introduction In 2017, an agreement between Norway’s Kongsberg and Germany’s ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) (Royal Norwegian Ministry of Defense, 2017), began what would be a multi-year…
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Turning Mineral Potential into Supply: Colombia and the US
Executive Summary The Colombia-United States (US) memorandum of understanding (MOU) on critical minerals creates a framework for strengthening Colombia’s potential contribution to US supply-chain diversification. In…
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Conscription Without Consensus: Spain’s Defence Culture and the Absence of a Sustained Strategic Debate
Introduction. Historically, military service in Europe was closely linked to the development of the modern state and the idea of popular sovereignty, and it became firmly…
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Securing India’s Pharmaceutical Supply Chain: Closing Gaps in Vaccine Authentication and Traceability
Executive Summary India’s pharmaceutical industry plays a major role in global access to affordable medicines and generates significant economic returns. While it is currently ranked 3rd…