Research & Analysis
Independent research on security, geopolitical competition, economic statecraft and emerging technologies. Explore our publications by subject, programme, region or contributor.
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Pakistan’s Deployment to Saudi Arabia: What Is at Stake?
Pakistan’s deployment to Saudi Arabia under the Mecca Pact raises questions over military authority, domestic security and Islamabad’s relations with Iran and China.
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Yemen’s Escalating Humanitarian Access Crisis
Yemen’s humanitarian access crisis is worsening as renewed fighting, funding cuts and aid worker detentions obstruct relief. What measures can restore aid delivery?
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Growing and Getting Poorer: Revenue, Return and Realignment in Afghanistan’s Economy, Five Years On
Executive Summary Afghanistan’s economy grew 4.8% in FY2025 while real income per head fell 5.6%, a divergence explained by the 5.4 million Afghans returned from Iran…
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Securing India’s Pharmaceutical Supply Chain: Closing Gaps in Vaccine Authentication and Traceability
Executive Summary India’s pharmaceutical industry plays a major role in global access to affordable medicines and generates significant economic returns. While it is currently ranked 3rd…
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Can the UAE Become An Independent Producer of Military Technology
Introduction The current volatile situation in the Gulf has forced the United Arab Emirates to enter into a direct conflict against Iran earlier this year (Malsin…
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Paying to Pass: The Strait of Hormuz Fee Dispute and Its Limits
Executive Summary Negotiations over the Strait of Hormuz remain constrained by disagreement over transit fees, shipping access and the role of mediators. Iran favours a mandatory…
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China’s Global Governance Initiative: How Should Europe Respond in the Global South?
Debate in Europe about China’s global role now rarely escapes the language of competition. The Belt and Road Initiative, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security…
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What lies behind Mongolia’s fuel crisis?
Summary In July, Mongolia entered a fuel crisis that brought the government to impose a temporary personal daily purchase limit of MNT 50,000. On August 5th,…
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Why the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement is Not a New NATO
When Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan signed the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement on August 7th the immediate reaction among commentators was almost reflexively to frame it…
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Inside the Sixth-Generation Fighter Divide
Executive summary On 8 June 2026, France and Germany formally agreed to abandon the crewed aircraft component of the SCAF/FCAS programme, following years of industrial deadlock…
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Understanding the Designation Paradox
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY States routinely engage diplomatically with armed groups they have designated as terrorist organisations. In June 2026, the United States acknowledged indirect contacts with Hezbollah…
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The India-China Rapprochement: Sustainable or Temporary?
Introduction Over the last eight decades, the relationship between India and China has seen many ups and downs, ranging from times of close friendship to frozen…