Research & Analysis
Independent research on security, geopolitical competition, economic statecraft and emerging technologies. Explore our publications by subject, programme, region or contributor.
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Joint Development and Cooperation in the High North: The 212CD Submarine Program
Introduction In 2017, an agreement between Norway’s Kongsberg and Germany’s ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) (Royal Norwegian Ministry of Defense, 2017), began what would be a multi-year…
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Conscription Without Consensus: Spain’s Defence Culture and the Absence of a Sustained Strategic Debate
Introduction. Historically, military service in Europe was closely linked to the development of the modern state and the idea of popular sovereignty, and it became firmly…
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Russia’s Shadow War: The Threat to Britain’s Defence Industry
The past few weeks have borne significant developments within Russia’s political and military posturing, as NATO allies continue to deepen their cooperation with Ukraine. Among NATO…
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Algeria’s Unusual Defence Budget and Implications for Global Security
If one is to look at the top five countries with the highest share of GDP dedicated to defence spending, the list generally tracks with global…
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The Cost of Peace: The Renewed UNMISS Mandate Reveals a Tension Within the UN’s Peacekeeping Strategy
On 30 April 2026, the UN renewed the mandate of UNMISS, the peacekeeping mission in South Sudan. In addition to reducing troop numbers, the renewed mandate…
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How do you evaluate current Polish-Ukrainian relations?
A poll by CBOS in Poland in August 2026 found that 46% of Poles hold a negative view of Polish-Ukrainian relations, the highest figure ever recorded…
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Tactical Drone Production Facilities in Ukraine
Executive Summary Helsinki-headquartered Sensofusion, a counter-drone technology firm, recently began manufacturing mobile drone production facilities known as tactical drone factories. Housed inside a standard shipping container,…
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Can Defence Trade Give Turkey Greater Influence in Europe?
Executive Summary In recent years, Turkey has increased its sale of defence equipment to Europe. Turkish defense and technology companies are also working with European manufacturers…
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China Wants to Turn Economic Strength Into Wartime Capacity
Executive summary On August 28 of this year, China’s National People’s Congress Standing Committee adopted a revised National Defense Mobilization Law, which entered into force on…
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JNIM-FLA tactical cooperation and state vulnerability in Mali
1. Executive Summary On 25 April 2026, JNIM and the FLA mounted a coordinated offensive across Mali, including attacks on Bamako, and killed Defence Minister Sadio…
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From Berlin to Abuja: Why Europe’s Next Supply Chain Runs through Africa
On July 21-22, 2026, the German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul visited Lagos, Nigeria, as part of his diplomatic journey across Africa, accompanying a trade delegation of…
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Denmark’s Gender-Integrated Conscription: A Progressive Blueprint as Europe Rearms
Executive Summary Denmark’s new conscription system began on 3 August 2026, when around 1,600 young people started 11 months of military service. The intake is the…