Research & Analysis
Independent research on security, geopolitical competition, economic statecraft and emerging technologies. Explore our publications by subject, programme, region or contributor.
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The Attribution Trap: Why Knowing Isn’t Enough to Deter Europe’s Hybrid Threats
Executive Summary Europe faces hybrid attacks at an unprecedented pace, yet rapid detection alone cannot stop them. At the European Political Community Summit in Copenhagen on…
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India’s Independent Foreign Policy Shifts from 2018 to 2025
5 Oct 2025 As the first long-form publication emerging from a CISES working group, this white paper represents a significant step forward in our mission to…
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Conceptualizing a Global Conflagration that Remains Below the Threshold of War
The 2020 invasion of Nagorno-Karabakh and the 2022 invasion of Ukraine have, in some circles, been viewed as signalling the end of hybrid and unconventional warfare.…
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The EU’s 16th Sanctions Package on Russia: a Mixed Record
The 16th European Commission sanctions package represents progress but remains insufficient in fully restricting Russia’s ability to evade economic penalties. While expanding restrictions on shadow fleet…
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The withdrawal of French military forces from Africa
“Ingratitude”: this is the term used by President Emmanuel Macron on January 6th, during the annual conference of ambassadors. The leaders of the countries where French…
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German Defence Spending Increase
Executive Summary After his victory in the German National Elections, Chancellor-elect Friedrich Merz expressed strong support for increased European defence integration, particularly in light of Trump’s…
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Significance of Containing Chinese Influence in Eurasia
Recent developments under the new Trump administration have unsettled the transatlantic community, but they should be seen as a continuation of a US Grand Strategic shift…